Image Above: The Chinese Exclusion Act 1866-1898, courtesy of U.S. State Department, Office of the Historian.
Legal Sources:
  • California, Supreme Court. Tape v. Hurley. Mar. 1885. Asianamericanlegal.com, Asian American Legal Foundation, www.asianamericanlegal.com/index.php/9-historical-cases/23-tape-v-hurley. 66 California 473.
  • United States, Congress, House. An Act to Execute Certain Treaty Stipulations Relating to Chinese. Government Printing Office, 1882. Our Documents, National Archives & Records Administration, www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=47&page=transcript. 47th Congress, 45th session, House Bill HR5804.
  • United States, Constitution, Amendment XIV, sec. 1. Amended 1868. ourdocuments.gov, National Archives and Records Administration, www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=43&page=transcript.
  • United States, Supreme Court. Bill Schuettte, Michigan Attorney General v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action, Integration and Immigrant Rights and Fight For Equality By Any Means Necessary, Et Al. www.supremecourtpreview.org, American Bar Association, www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publications/supreme_court_preview/briefs-v2/12-682_pet_amcu_aalf.authcheckdam.pdf. 12-682 American Bar Association 1-18.
  • United States, Supreme Court. Brown v. Board of Education, 17 May, 1954.  https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=87&page=transcript. 347 US 483.
  • United States, Supreme Court. Gong Lum v. Rice. 21 Nov. 1927. Justia.com, supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/275/78/case.html. 275 US 78.
  • United States, Supreme Court. Plessy v. Ferguson. 18 May 1896. Findlaw.com, caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/163/537.html. 163 US 537.